For example, ivan pavlov conditioned dogs to salivate using the sound of a bell and food powder. As we have seen in chapter 1, introducing psychology, scientists associated with the. Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus e. Stevie wants to improve his history grades and begins the school year by reading his american pageant history book every night. The more similar a stimulus is to the condition stimulus, the more likely the organism is to give the conditioned response. Choice a, an unconditioned stimulus, prompts a response. Thus, stimulus generalization can be applied here because the history book is a stimulus similar to his original american pageant history book, which triggered the same conditioned response of yawning. Stimulus generalization stimulus discrimination acquisition extinction spontaneous recovery statements 1. Haskell, in encyclopedia of applied psychology, 2004 4.
Prior to conditioning, the dogs did not salivate when they just heard the tone because the tone had. His name was ivan pavlov and pavlovs dogs are like the beatles of psychology. Almost from its inception, transfer research has been associated with the concept of stimulus generalization developed from the behaviorist laboratory research of pavlovs classical conditioning paradigm. Stimulus generalization is the evocation of a nonreinforced response to a stimulus that. After a moment, she realizes that this book is one that a friend had been talking about at lunch the other day. Choice d, generalization, occurs when the learner responds to the conditioned stimulus and to objects that are similar to the cs. The cessation of a learned response, usually resulting from an end to conditioning. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus during. One famous psychology experiment perfectly illustrated how stimulus generalization works. Learning ap psychology chapter outlines study notes.
Stimulus generalization is the reinforcement of a response in the presence of a stimulus or situation and the effect becoming more probable in the presence of another stimulus. In the conditioning process, stimulus generalization is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned. Does d, unconditioned stimulus response, mean associating similar stimuli. Just as myers psychology for ap 2e is color coded to the college board ap psychology course description acorn book units, so are these powerpoints. Quizlet is the easiest way to study, practice and master what youre learning. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus ucs begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus. A baby cries when it hears a strangers voice, but not. Stimulus generalization a response to a specific stimulus becomes associated to other stimuli similar stimuli and now occurs to those other similar stimuli. Is adaptive, given you rarely see the same stimulus more than once. Stimulus generalization happens most often when the new stimulus resembles the original conditioned stimulus. Fiveable has free study resources like ap psychology classical conditioning. Before conditioning, think of the dogs stimulus and response like this. In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus module 26 a. In the 1920s, the behaviorist john watson and his colleague rosalie rayner did a famous study that demonstrated stimulus generalization.
A response that has spread to other stimuli that are similar to the stimuli which originally caused a response. For example, a subject may initially make the desired response when exposed to any sound that is, to a generalized stimulus rather than making such a response only to a specific sound. The first time she sees a rabbit, she calls it a cat. Ap psychology unit 6 learning psychology quiz quizizz. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Utilize the worksheet to identify the more important study points to. Even if you are new to the study of psychology, chances are that you have. The fact that pigeons do not peck at the paintings of other artists represents a. Extinction, generalization, and discrimination psych exam. In classical conditioning, an association is learned between two stimuli. Training your dog with positive reinforcement dog training books. The formation of understanding the association between two stimuli. It is considered a more advanced form of learning than generalization q v the ability to perceive similarities although animals can be trained to discriminate as well as to generalize. Stimulus discrimination stimulus generalization higher order. Ap psychology mr duez chapter 6 learning classical conditioning ppt. A child sees a cat and says kitty, because of the appearance and later sees a leopard at the zoo and shouts kitty again. How the stimulus generalization process is conditioned. Ap psychology course and exam description, effective. Stimulus generalization occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimulus that are similar to the original stimulus.
Choice c, discrimination, occurs when a learner responds only to the conditioned stimulus and nothing else. Stimulus generalization, or generalization, refers to when stimuli that are similar to the condit. Through stimulus generalization, stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus will a. Pavlov would sound a tone like ringing a bell and then give the dogs the meat powder. The type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one stimulus becomes to be elicited. Mary was devastated because she really loves the sport and has been practicing for the majority of her life. Ap students in psychology should be able to do the following. Classical conditioning introduction russian physiologist ivan pavlov was the first to describe classical conditioning. In classical conditioning, for example, stimulus generalization would involve being unable to distinguish between the conditioned stimulus and other similar stimuli.
Let me start by telling you how pavlov discovered classical conditioning, then i will break it down like continue reading classical conditioning. In generalization an operant response tends to occur when stimuli similar to those preceding reinforcement are present. More than 50 million students study for free with the quizlet app each month. Aug 14, 2017 august 31, 2017 kendra cherry behavioral psychology, psychology dictionary comments off on stimulus generalization. Had to do with peoples reactions and behaviors instead of the feelings themselves. The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the. After extinction, the cr briefly reappears upon presentation of the cs sometimes. In the famous little albert experiment, a young boy was conditioned to fear a white rat, but he displayed the fear response upon the presentation of similar white, furry objects. The tendency to respond to stimuli that is similar in some. In pavlovs experiment, he initially presented laboratory dogs with meat powder stimulus 1, which caused the dogs to salivate response.
Stimulus discrimination occurs in psychology when there are different consequences for the same behavior depending on the situation. Classical conditioning is described as a reflexive type of learning in which a stimulus is able to elicit a response that was originally elicited by another stimulus. After pavlovs dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell, he experimented with ringing the bell and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. On the other hand, when an organism demonstrates the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the condition stimulus, it is called stimulus generalization, the opposite of stimulus discrimination. Walsh, director, ap psychology content development. August 31, 2017 stimulus generalization occurs when an organism responds to a stimulus in the same way that it responds to a similar stimulus. Generalization is a process by which a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli. In the classic little albert experiment, researchers john b.
Ap psychology terminology that deals with learning. Ap psychology unit 6 vocabulary ap psychology unit 6 vocabulary. Discriminative stimulus a stimulus associated with reinforcement which exerts control over a given type of behavior. For example, if a child has been conditioned to fear a stuffed white rabbit, it will exhibit a fear of objects similar to the conditioned stimulus such as a white toy rat.
A baby cries when it hears a strangers voice, but not when it hears its mothers voice. For example let s say you were bitten by a dog when you were a young child. A procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second often weaker conditioned stimulus. The tendency to respond to similar conditioned stimuli. Stimulus generalization basically evokes a similar response by a conditioned stimulus, after a response has been conditioned. Thus, stimulus generalization can be applied here because the history book is a stimulus similar to his original american pageant history book. Antibehaviorist because behaviorism was too mechanical. Stimulus generalization is the tendency of a subject to respond to a stimulus or a group of stimuli similar but not identical to the original cs. Discrimination comparative cognition laboratory psychological.
The tendency to respond to another stimulus that is similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus. Through reinforcement, pigeons are taught to peck at paintings by a particular artist. Test your knowledge of stimulus generalization by using this interactive quiz. Stimulus generalization in psychology mba tutorials. Advanced placement and ap are trademarks registered andor owned by. Ap psych learning multiple choice flashcards quizlet.
Two aspects of stimulus control are generalization and discrimination. Stimulus generalization is a phenomenon that can occur in both classical and operant conditioning. Functionalism focused on how our mental and behavioral. Answer all parts of each short essay question in the blue book. In explaining the conditioned response over time apply one of the following concepts for each question. What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if its the original conditioned stimulus. She ended up placing fourth out of the ten that competed. Ap psychology unit 6 diagram quizlet ap psychology cognitive psychology psychology. In classical conditioning, also called respondent conditioning or pavlovian conditioning, a subject comes to respond to a neutral stimulus as he would to another, nonneutral stimulus by learning to associate the two stimuli. Stimulus generalization after pavlovs dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell, he experimented with ringing the bell and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Midterm study guide ap psychology humanistic psychology emphasized significance of current environmental factors as opposed to childhood. This test contains 12 ap psychology practice questions with detailed explanations, to be completed in 9 minutes. Acquisition a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response.
For example, a subject may initially make the desired response when exposed to any sound that is, to a generalized stimulus rather than making such a. Explain the roles that extinction, generalization, and discrimination play in conditioned learning. Barrons ap psychology, 5th edition long branch public schools. Discrimination is when one can tell the difference between a stimulus and similar stimuli, and generalization is when one responds the same way to similar stimuli as one did to the stimulus with which one was originally trained.
For example, if a child has been conditioned to fear a rat, it will show signs of fear to all or any objects that resembles the conditioned stimulus which is a rat, such as a white toy rat. Stimulus presentation used when the target response requires pointing to touching or picking up an item from a field of stimuli and the target and distractors can be presented across in a field of options. Does a, response generalization, mean associating similar stimuli. While browsing in a bookstore, vhamala is drawn to a particular book title. Ap notes, outlines, study guides, vocabulary, practice exams and more. Through stimulus generalization, stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus will also produce a response. Barrons ap psychology chapter 6 flashcards quizlet. This book is creative commons attribution license 4. Stimulus generalization vs discrimination ap psychology bcba behavior analysis.
The book begins with a diagnostic test to help you gauge how best to prepare. Extinction, generalization, and discrimination psych. Stimulus generalization is the tendency of a new stimulus to evoke responses or behaviors similar to those elicited by another stimulus. Stimulus generalization, or generalization, refers to when stimuli that are similar to the conditioned. Create your own flashcards or choose from millions created by other students. Discrimination and generalization are terms used together in discussing learning. Learning learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution.
The ability to distinguish between similar but nonidentical stimuli. Discrimination is when one can tell the difference between a stimulus and similar stimuli, and generalization is when one responds the same. Inappropriate stimulus generalization occurs when those different situations. After a big thanksgiving dinner replete with turkey, stuffing, and all, karmina becomes violently ill. Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus is. Understanding stimulus discrimination in psychology.
Yesterday, mary competed in a martial arts tournament. The tone was the neutral stimulus ns, which is a stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response. Stimulus generalization the transfer of behavior learned response from one stimulus to another stimulus that is similar in nature. A baby cries when it hears a strangers voice, but not when. Stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination. In the classic experiments of ivan pavlov, dogs learned. In the weeks that follow this event, karmina feels an unexplainable aversion to chicken, one of her favorite dishes. Thus, stimulus generalization can be applied here because turkey is poultry just like chicken, which means they have similar characteristics. Discrimination definition psychology example definitionus. Classical conditioning the whole idea of classical conditioning started with a russian scientist that was studying the eating habits of dogs exciting stuff. It occurs when organisms display a response to stimuli other than the one used for the original. Earning a prize for every five books read in the librarys summer reading program.
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